Struct std::path::Path
[−]
[src]
pub struct Path {
// some fields omitted
}1.0.0A slice of a path (akin to str).
This type supports a number of operations for inspecting a path, including
breaking the path into its components (separated by / or \, depending on
the platform), extracting the file name, determining whether the path is
absolute, and so on. More details about the overall approach can be found in
the module documentation.
This is an unsized type, meaning that it must always be used behind a
pointer like & or Box.
Examples
fn main() { use std::path::Path; let path = Path::new("/tmp/foo/bar.txt"); let file = path.file_name(); let extension = path.extension(); let parent_dir = path.parent(); }use std::path::Path; let path = Path::new("/tmp/foo/bar.txt"); let file = path.file_name(); let extension = path.extension(); let parent_dir = path.parent();
Methods
impl Path
fn new<S: AsRef<OsStr> + ?Sized>(s: &S) -> &Path
Directly wrap a string slice as a Path slice.
This is a cost-free conversion.
Examples
fn main() { use std::path::Path; Path::new("foo.txt"); }use std::path::Path; Path::new("foo.txt");
You can create Paths from Strings, or even other Paths:
use std::path::Path; let string = String::from("foo.txt"); let from_string = Path::new(&string); let from_path = Path::new(&from_string); assert_eq!(from_string, from_path);
fn as_os_str(&self) -> &OsStr
Yields the underlying OsStr slice.
Examples
fn main() { use std::path::Path; let os_str = Path::new("foo.txt").as_os_str(); assert_eq!(os_str, std::ffi::OsStr::new("foo.txt")); }use std::path::Path; let os_str = Path::new("foo.txt").as_os_str(); assert_eq!(os_str, std::ffi::OsStr::new("foo.txt"));
fn to_str(&self) -> Option<&str>
Yields a &str slice if the Path is valid unicode.
This conversion may entail doing a check for UTF-8 validity.
Examples
fn main() { use std::path::Path; let path_str = Path::new("foo.txt").to_str(); assert_eq!(path_str, Some("foo.txt")); }use std::path::Path; let path_str = Path::new("foo.txt").to_str(); assert_eq!(path_str, Some("foo.txt"));
fn to_string_lossy(&self) -> Cow<str>
Converts a Path to a Cow<str>.
Any non-Unicode sequences are replaced with U+FFFD REPLACEMENT CHARACTER.
Examples
fn main() { use std::path::Path; let path_str = Path::new("foo.txt").to_string_lossy(); assert_eq!(path_str, "foo.txt"); }use std::path::Path; let path_str = Path::new("foo.txt").to_string_lossy(); assert_eq!(path_str, "foo.txt");
fn to_path_buf(&self) -> PathBuf
Converts a Path to an owned PathBuf.
Examples
fn main() { use std::path::Path; let path_buf = Path::new("foo.txt").to_path_buf(); assert_eq!(path_buf, std::path::PathBuf::from("foo.txt")); }use std::path::Path; let path_buf = Path::new("foo.txt").to_path_buf(); assert_eq!(path_buf, std::path::PathBuf::from("foo.txt"));
fn is_absolute(&self) -> bool
A path is absolute if it is independent of the current directory.
On Unix, a path is absolute if it starts with the root, so
is_absoluteandhas_rootare equivalent.On Windows, a path is absolute if it has a prefix and starts with the root:
c:\windowsis absolute, whilec:tempand\tempare not. In other words,path.is_absolute() == path.prefix().is_some() && path.has_root().
Examples
fn main() { use std::path::Path; assert!(!Path::new("foo.txt").is_absolute()); }use std::path::Path; assert!(!Path::new("foo.txt").is_absolute());
fn is_relative(&self) -> bool
A path is relative if it is not absolute.
Examples
fn main() { use std::path::Path; assert!(Path::new("foo.txt").is_relative()); }use std::path::Path; assert!(Path::new("foo.txt").is_relative());
fn has_root(&self) -> bool
A path has a root if the body of the path begins with the directory separator.
On Unix, a path has a root if it begins with
/.On Windows, a path has a root if it:
- has no prefix and begins with a separator, e.g.
\\windows - has a prefix followed by a separator, e.g.
c:\windowsbut notc:windows - has any non-disk prefix, e.g.
\\server\share
- has no prefix and begins with a separator, e.g.
Examples
fn main() { use std::path::Path; assert!(Path::new("/etc/passwd").has_root()); }use std::path::Path; assert!(Path::new("/etc/passwd").has_root());
fn parent(&self) -> Option<&Path>
The path without its final component, if any.
Returns None if the path terminates in a root or prefix.
Examples
fn main() { use std::path::Path; let path = Path::new("/foo/bar"); let parent = path.parent().unwrap(); assert_eq!(parent, Path::new("/foo")); let grand_parent = parent.parent().unwrap(); assert_eq!(grand_parent, Path::new("/")); assert_eq!(grand_parent.parent(), None); }use std::path::Path; let path = Path::new("/foo/bar"); let parent = path.parent().unwrap(); assert_eq!(parent, Path::new("/foo")); let grand_parent = parent.parent().unwrap(); assert_eq!(grand_parent, Path::new("/")); assert_eq!(grand_parent.parent(), None);
fn file_name(&self) -> Option<&OsStr>
The final component of the path, if it is a normal file.
If the path terminates in ., .., or consists solely of a root of
prefix, file_name will return None.
Examples
fn main() { use std::path::Path; use std::ffi::OsStr; let path = Path::new("foo.txt"); let os_str = OsStr::new("foo.txt"); assert_eq!(Some(os_str), path.file_name()); }use std::path::Path; use std::ffi::OsStr; let path = Path::new("foo.txt"); let os_str = OsStr::new("foo.txt"); assert_eq!(Some(os_str), path.file_name());
fn strip_prefix<'a, P: ?Sized>(&'a self, base: &'a P) -> Result<&'a Path, StripPrefixError> where P: AsRef<Path>1.7.0
Returns a path that, when joined onto base, yields self.
Errors
If base is not a prefix of self (i.e. starts_with
returns false), returns Err.
fn starts_with<P: AsRef<Path>>(&self, base: P) -> bool
Determines whether base is a prefix of self.
Only considers whole path components to match.
Examples
fn main() { use std::path::Path; let path = Path::new("/etc/passwd"); assert!(path.starts_with("/etc")); assert!(!path.starts_with("/e")); }use std::path::Path; let path = Path::new("/etc/passwd"); assert!(path.starts_with("/etc")); assert!(!path.starts_with("/e"));
fn ends_with<P: AsRef<Path>>(&self, child: P) -> bool
Determines whether child is a suffix of self.
Only considers whole path components to match.
Examples
fn main() { use std::path::Path; let path = Path::new("/etc/passwd"); assert!(path.ends_with("passwd")); }use std::path::Path; let path = Path::new("/etc/passwd"); assert!(path.ends_with("passwd"));
fn file_stem(&self) -> Option<&OsStr>
Extracts the stem (non-extension) portion of self.file_name().
The stem is:
- None, if there is no file name;
- The entire file name if there is no embedded
.; - The entire file name if the file name begins with
.and has no other.s within; - Otherwise, the portion of the file name before the final
.
Examples
fn main() { use std::path::Path; let path = Path::new("foo.rs"); assert_eq!("foo", path.file_stem().unwrap()); }use std::path::Path; let path = Path::new("foo.rs"); assert_eq!("foo", path.file_stem().unwrap());
fn extension(&self) -> Option<&OsStr>
Extracts the extension of self.file_name(), if possible.
The extension is:
- None, if there is no file name;
- None, if there is no embedded
.; - None, if the file name begins with
.and has no other.s within; - Otherwise, the portion of the file name after the final
.
Examples
fn main() { use std::path::Path; let path = Path::new("foo.rs"); assert_eq!("rs", path.extension().unwrap()); }use std::path::Path; let path = Path::new("foo.rs"); assert_eq!("rs", path.extension().unwrap());
fn join<P: AsRef<Path>>(&self, path: P) -> PathBuf
Creates an owned PathBuf with path adjoined to self.
See PathBuf::push for more details on what it means to adjoin a path.
Examples
fn main() { use std::path::{Path, PathBuf}; assert_eq!(Path::new("/etc").join("passwd"), PathBuf::from("/etc/passwd")); }use std::path::{Path, PathBuf}; assert_eq!(Path::new("/etc").join("passwd"), PathBuf::from("/etc/passwd"));
fn with_file_name<S: AsRef<OsStr>>(&self, file_name: S) -> PathBuf
Creates an owned PathBuf like self but with the given file name.
See PathBuf::set_file_name for more details.
Examples
fn main() { use std::path::{Path, PathBuf}; let path = Path::new("/tmp/foo.txt"); assert_eq!(path.with_file_name("bar.txt"), PathBuf::from("/tmp/bar.txt")); }use std::path::{Path, PathBuf}; let path = Path::new("/tmp/foo.txt"); assert_eq!(path.with_file_name("bar.txt"), PathBuf::from("/tmp/bar.txt"));
fn with_extension<S: AsRef<OsStr>>(&self, extension: S) -> PathBuf
Creates an owned PathBuf like self but with the given extension.
See PathBuf::set_extension for more details.
Examples
fn main() { use std::path::{Path, PathBuf}; let path = Path::new("foo.rs"); assert_eq!(path.with_extension("txt"), PathBuf::from("foo.txt")); }use std::path::{Path, PathBuf}; let path = Path::new("foo.rs"); assert_eq!(path.with_extension("txt"), PathBuf::from("foo.txt"));
fn components(&self) -> Components
Produce an iterator over the components of the path.
Examples
fn main() { use std::path::{Path, Component}; use std::ffi::OsStr; let mut components = Path::new("/tmp/foo.txt").components(); assert_eq!(components.next(), Some(Component::RootDir)); assert_eq!(components.next(), Some(Component::Normal(OsStr::new("tmp")))); assert_eq!(components.next(), Some(Component::Normal(OsStr::new("foo.txt")))); assert_eq!(components.next(), None) }use std::path::{Path, Component}; use std::ffi::OsStr; let mut components = Path::new("/tmp/foo.txt").components(); assert_eq!(components.next(), Some(Component::RootDir)); assert_eq!(components.next(), Some(Component::Normal(OsStr::new("tmp")))); assert_eq!(components.next(), Some(Component::Normal(OsStr::new("foo.txt")))); assert_eq!(components.next(), None)
fn iter(&self) -> Iter
Produce an iterator over the path's components viewed as OsStr slices.
Examples
fn main() { use std::path::{self, Path}; use std::ffi::OsStr; let mut it = Path::new("/tmp/foo.txt").iter(); assert_eq!(it.next(), Some(OsStr::new(&path::MAIN_SEPARATOR.to_string()))); assert_eq!(it.next(), Some(OsStr::new("tmp"))); assert_eq!(it.next(), Some(OsStr::new("foo.txt"))); assert_eq!(it.next(), None) }use std::path::{self, Path}; use std::ffi::OsStr; let mut it = Path::new("/tmp/foo.txt").iter(); assert_eq!(it.next(), Some(OsStr::new(&path::MAIN_SEPARATOR.to_string()))); assert_eq!(it.next(), Some(OsStr::new("tmp"))); assert_eq!(it.next(), Some(OsStr::new("foo.txt"))); assert_eq!(it.next(), None)
fn display(&self) -> Display
Returns an object that implements Display for safely printing paths
that may contain non-Unicode data.
Examples
fn main() { use std::path::Path; let path = Path::new("/tmp/foo.rs"); println!("{}", path.display()); }use std::path::Path; let path = Path::new("/tmp/foo.rs"); println!("{}", path.display());
fn metadata(&self) -> Result<Metadata>1.5.0
Query the file system to get information about a file, directory, etc.
This function will traverse symbolic links to query information about the destination file.
This is an alias to fs::metadata.
fn symlink_metadata(&self) -> Result<Metadata>1.5.0
Query the metadata about a file without following symlinks.
This is an alias to fs::symlink_metadata.
fn canonicalize(&self) -> Result<PathBuf>1.5.0
Returns the canonical form of the path with all intermediate components normalized and symbolic links resolved.
This is an alias to fs::canonicalize.
fn read_link(&self) -> Result<PathBuf>1.5.0
Reads a symbolic link, returning the file that the link points to.
This is an alias to fs::read_link.
fn read_dir(&self) -> Result<ReadDir>1.5.0
Returns an iterator over the entries within a directory.
The iterator will yield instances of io::Result<DirEntry>. New errors may
be encountered after an iterator is initially constructed.
This is an alias to fs::read_dir.
fn exists(&self) -> bool1.5.0
Returns whether the path points at an existing entity.
This function will traverse symbolic links to query information about the
destination file. In case of broken symbolic links this will return false.
Examples
fn main() { use std::path::Path; assert_eq!(Path::new("does_not_exist.txt").exists(), false); }use std::path::Path; assert_eq!(Path::new("does_not_exist.txt").exists(), false);
fn is_file(&self) -> bool1.5.0
Returns whether the path is pointing at a regular file.
This function will traverse symbolic links to query information about the
destination file. In case of broken symbolic links this will return false.
Examples
fn main() { use std::path::Path; assert_eq!(Path::new("./is_a_directory/").is_file(), false); assert_eq!(Path::new("a_file.txt").is_file(), true); }use std::path::Path; assert_eq!(Path::new("./is_a_directory/").is_file(), false); assert_eq!(Path::new("a_file.txt").is_file(), true);
fn is_dir(&self) -> bool1.5.0
Returns whether the path is pointing at a directory.
This function will traverse symbolic links to query information about the
destination file. In case of broken symbolic links this will return false.
Examples
fn main() { use std::path::Path; assert_eq!(Path::new("./is_a_directory/").is_dir(), true); assert_eq!(Path::new("a_file.txt").is_dir(), false); }use std::path::Path; assert_eq!(Path::new("./is_a_directory/").is_dir(), true); assert_eq!(Path::new("a_file.txt").is_dir(), false);